graeve.ucsd.eduProf Olivia A Graeve
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Description:Mechanisms of Pore Formation in High-temperature Carbides Case Study of TaC Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering JP Kelly and OA Graeve Mechanisms of Pore Formation in High-temperature Carbides Case Study of TaC Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering" Acta Materialia 84 472-483 2015 A detailed analysis of the microstructure and pore evolution of TaC was completed and three pore
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Olivia A. Graeve, Ph.D. Professor Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Eng. People Courses Publications and Presentations Service Awards ENLACE Bi-national Summer Research Program Links Google Scholar IDEA Student Center SHPE@UCSD Welcome to the Xtreme Materials Laboratory at the University of California, San Diego Our CaliBaja Center for Resilient Materials and Systems was inaugurated and continues to move forward in the development on new materials for extreme environments. Additional information can be found at: The Huffington Post KPBS La Prensa San Diego The San Diego Union-Tribune San Diego Business Journal JSOE Recent Research Activities We have been exploring the synthesis of gold-coated magnesium nanoparticles. What an awesome surprise! We found the UCSD "Bear" in our images. Credits: Synthesis by graduate student Shuang Qiao and image by post-doc Ekaterina Novitskaya. Designing In situ and Ex situ Bulk Metallic Glass Composites: High-elastic Limit Materials I.-C. Cheng, J.P. Kelly, E. Novitskaya, V. Eliasson, A.M. Hodge, and O.A. Graeve, "Mechanical Properties of an Fe-based SAM2x5-630 Metallic Glass Matrix Composite with Tungsten Particle Additions," Advanced Engineering Materials , 20 [9] 1800023 (2018). T.Q. Phan, J.P. Kelly, M.E. Kassner, V. Eliasson, O.A. Graeve, and A.M. Hodge, “Bulk Mechanical Properties Testing of Metallic Marginal Glass Formers,” Journal of Metallurgy , 2016 , 6508597 (2016). J.P. Kelly, S.M. Fuller, K. Seo, E. Novitskaya, V. Eliasson, A.M. Hodge, and O.A. Graeve, "Designing In Situ and Ex Situ Bulk Metallic Glass Matrix Composites from Marginal Glass Formers via Spark Plasma Sintering in the Super Cooled Liquid Stat e," Materials & Design , 93 , 26-38 (2016). G.R. Khanolkar, M.B. Rauls, J.P. Kelly, O.A. Graeve, A.M. Hodge, and V. Eliasson, âShock Wave Response of Iron-based In Situ Metallic Glass Matrix Composites," Scientific Reports , 6 , 22568 (2016). We have designed and studied the response of amorphous steels to shock wave compression. Experiments have yielded results indicating a Hugoniot Elastic Limit (HEL) close to 12 GPa, which is higher than elastic limits for any metallic glass reported. The materials have received very significant media attention and the press release from UC San Diego is found here . Even Superman Couldn't Bend this Steel! Luminescence Behavior of Europium-doped Hydroxyapatite L.A. Zavala, P. Fernandez, E. Novitskaya, J.N. Diaz, M. Herrera, and O.A. Graeve, "Interconfigurational Transitions of Yb 2+ and Yb 3+ Ions in Hydroxyapatite: A Cathodoluminscence Study," Acta Materialia , 13 5, 35-43 (2017). L.A. Zavala-Sanchez, G.A. Hirata, E. Novitskaya, K. Karandikar, M. Herrera, and O.A. Graeve, "Distribution of Eu 2+ and Eu 3+ Ions in Hydroxyapatite: A Cathodoluminescence and Raman Study," ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineerin g, 1 [12] 1306-1313 (2015). We present a cathodoluminescence study of the spatial distribution of Eu 2+ and Eu 3+ dopants in hydroxyapatite powders.  The results demonstrate that the distribution of europium ions in the hydroxyapatite lattice depends on their valence state.  Monochromatic cathodoluminescence images from prismatic powders show that while the Eu 2+ is distributed homogeneously in the entire powder volume, the Eu 3+ is present mainly at the powder edges.  The luminescence spectrum of the Eu 2+ ions displayed a wide and strong blue emission centered at 420 nm, while the luminescence spectrum of the Eu 3+ ions displayed several orange-red emissions covering the range from 575 to 725 nm. These emissions correspond to transitions between levels 4f 6 5d 1 - 4f 7 ( 8 S 7/2 ) of the Eu 2+ ions and 5 D 0 - 7 F J levels of the Eu 3+ ions.  Micro Raman measurements reveal that europium doping generates two phonon signals with frequencies of 555 and 660 cm -1 , both of which have not been reported earlier.  The powders were synthesized by the combustion synthesis method, maintaining constant the concentration of the europium salt used, and varying the pH of the precursor solutions to modify the concentration ratio of Eu 2+ with respect to Eu 3+ .  X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements were used to determine values of 0.32 and 0.55 for the ratio Eu 2+ /Eu 3+ in samples synthesized at pH values of 6 and 4, respectively.  Thermal treatments of the samples, at 873 K in an oxygen atmosphere, resulted in a strong quenching of the Eu 2+ luminescence due to oxidation of the Eu 2+ ions into Eu 3+ , as well as probable elimination of calcium vacancy defects by annealing. Other contributions on hydroxyapatite: J.A. Inzana, D. Olvera, S.M. Fuller, J.P. Kelly, O.A. Graeve, E.M. Schwarz, S.L. Kates, and H.A. Awad, "3D Printing of Composite Calcium Phosphate and Collagen Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration," Biomaterial s, 35 [13] 4026-4034 (2014). An editorial on this article can be found at: http://www.atmjournal.org/article/view/6414/7208 O.A. Graeve, R. Kanakala, A. Madadi, B.C. Williams, and K.C. Glass, "Luminescence Variations in Hydroxyapatites doped with Eu 2+ and Eu 3+ Ions," Biomaterials , 31 [15] 4259-4267 (2010). Mechanisms of Pore Formation in High-temperature Carbides: Case Study of TaC Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering J.P. Kelly and O.A. Graeve, Mechanisms of Pore Formation in High-temperature Carbides: Case Study of TaC Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering," Acta Materialia , 84 , 472-483 (2015). A detailed analysis of the microstructure and pore evolution of TaC was completed and three pore-forming mechanisms have been discovered: (i) evolution of oxygen impurity; (ii) evolution of excess carbon, and (iii) incongruent sublimation of TaC. The evolution of oxygen impurities is the predominant mechanism and is thought to be the consequence of the high level of oxygen impurity typical of nanopowders; however, all mechanisms must be considered in order to completely eliminate porosity. We propose that the latter two mechanisms can be facilitated by local hot spots and discuss a possible source. The sphere-like morphology and distribution of isolated pores at grain interfaces, edges, and corners indicate a high surface energy of the pores with respect to the grain boundary energy so that the pores become trapped in the microstructure. The root cause of the three mechanisms indicates that a limiting sintering temperature (2173 K) and carefully controlled chemistry are essential for producing TaC without trapped porosity. We propose that these three mechanisms define the sintering behavior of bulk TaC and that similar mechanisms need to be considered for the sintering of other carbide ceramics. Correlation between Particle Size and Raman Vibrations in WO 3 Powders Transition-metal oxides such as WO 3 are of interest because of their photochromic, electrochromic, and photocatatytic properties. These applications require a detailed understanding of the morphology, particle size, and other material characteristics for effective utilization and implementation. We present a correlation between powder particle size, determined from dynamic light scattering, and the bonding characteristics of WO 3 powders, showing that the WâOâW / WâO integrated intensity ratio is directly related to the particle size of our powders. This correlation can serve as a complementary technique to gauge particle size as well as crystallinity in WO 3 powders. Kinetics of Devitrification of Amorphous Alloys During Spark Plasma Sintering: The Time-Temperature-Crystallinity Diagram E. Novitskaya, S. Diaz-de-la-Torre, T.A. Esquivel-Castro, G.R. Dieguez-Trejo, A. Kritsuk, J.T. Cahill, and O.A. Graeve, "Current Assisted Extrusion of Metallic Alloys: Insight into Microstructure Formation and Mechanical Properties," Materials Science & Engineering A , 717 , 62-67 (2018).. O.A. Graeve, M.S. Saterlie, R. Kanakala, S. Diaz de la Torre, and J.C. Farmer, "The Kinetics of Devitrification of Amorphous Alloys: The Time-Temperature-Crystallinity Diagram Describing the Spark Plasm...